What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative brain condition that affects the nervous system and parts of the body controlled by the nerves. Neurons (nerve cells in the brain) slowly break down and die in affected persons. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke estimates that approximately 500,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s.

Age is the most common risk factor in the development of Parkinson’s. The average age for onset of the disease is 70, and chances increase after 60. However, it is possible to have Parkinson’s as early as 50 years old. Men are more likely to experience Parkinson’s than women.

Symptoms vary from person to person, and early symptoms may not be evident. The most common sign are tremors, which frequently occur in a hand. This shaking is most noticeable while at rest. Other symptoms include muscle stiffness, impaired balance and coordination, speech changes, and the slowing of such movements as walking.

Parkinson’s has no cure, and it is unclear what causes the disease. A health care provider will likely recommend an affected person see a neurologist who specializes in treatment of this type of movement disorder.

Dr. Daniel Knight is a professor in the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine in the College of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.