How is Glaucoma treated?

Glaucoma is the term for eye  conditions that damage the optic  nerve, which is located in the  back of the eye. The body  regulates the overall pressure of  fluid in the eyes by draining old  fluid as new fluid is created. High  eye pressure fluid negatively  affects the optic nerve, resulting  in vision problems. The Centers  for Disease Control and Prevention estimates about 3  million Americans have glaucoma. 

Risk factors for glaucoma include  being over the age of 55, having  a family history of glaucoma,  people who are diabetic, and  people who have high blood  pressure. Open-angle glaucoma  is the most common form and  occurs when the eye drainage  system malfunctions and the  fluid in the eye builds up, leading  to a slow increase in eye pressure. Symptoms may not be noticeable until the disease has  progressed significantly. 

Prescription eye drops are the  most frequently used method to  treat glaucoma. They are  intended to improve drainage  and decrease eye pressure. Laser  therapy is another option and  can often be done in the doctor’s  office. Surgery may be recommended in specific  instances. 

Since the effects of glaucoma can  occur gradually, regular eye  exams, which include a  measurement of eye pressure,  are recommended.

Dr. Bala Simon is an associate professor in the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine in the College of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.